Which prominent 18th-century Islamic reform movement emphasized strict monotheism and the rejection of practices considered polytheistic innovations?
Question 2
The concept of $ \text{Ijtihād} $, frequently highlighted by Islamic reform movements, primarily refers to:
Question 3
Which of the following best describes the primary aim of Islamic Modernism as a reform trend in the 19th and 20th centuries?
Question 4
The $ \text{Sanūsīyyah} $ movement, active in North Africa, was particularly known for its emphasis on:
Question 5
Which of the following was a significant external factor that contributed to the emergence and shaping of Islamic reform movements in the 18th-20th centuries?
