Lesson 6.5: Paradox and Resolve-the-Discrepancy Questions

Introduction

In this lesson, we will explore the concept of paradox and resolve-the-discrepancy questions within the framework of logical reasoning. These questions challenge the student to identify apparent contradictions between two statements and select the answer choice that explains both without denying either. By mastering this type of question, students improve their analytical skills essential for success on the LSAT.

Learning Objectives

• Identify the apparent contradiction between two facts.
• Select the choice that explains both facts without denying either.
• State the discrepancy that a paradox question presents.
• Choose the answer that resolves the discrepancy fully and plausibly.
• Explain the main ideas and terminology behind Lesson 6.5: Paradox and Resolve-the-Discrepancy Questions.

Understanding Paradox and Resolve-the-Discrepancy Questions

Paradox questions typically present you with two statements that appear contradictory. Your task is to identify why these statements seem contradictory and then find an answer that resolves this contradiction. The resolution often requires an explanation that brings together the two statements in a coherent manner without negating either one.

Example 1: Basic Paradox

Scenario: A city council has implemented a ban on fast food restaurants. Despite this ban, the number of fast food restaurant chains opening in neighboring cities has increased.

• Statement A: The city council banned fast food restaurants to promote healthier eating habits.
• Statement B: The number of fast food restaurants has increased in neighbouring cities.

Analysis of the Paradox

On the surface, these two statements appear contradictory. The ban intends to reduce the influence of fast food, yet it has not led to a decrease in the overall prevalence of fast food restaurants; instead, they are thriving in surrounding areas.

The discrepancy lies in how the ban affects neighboring regions versus the local environment. A typical first reaction might be to argue that the ban is ineffective, but deeper analysis reveals a need for a more nuanced understanding.

Resolving the Discrepancy

A possible answer choice that resolves this paradox might be:

"The ban has pushed consumers who prefer fast food to seek options in surrounding areas where such establishments are still allowed."

This explanation shows that while the local ban exists, it does not eliminate the demand for fast food, indicating that many are still inclined to consume it, leading to its increase in adjacent cities.

Common Misconceptions

One of the most common misconceptions surrounding paradox questions involves assuming that any acceptable answer must directly contradict one of the statements. However, this is misleading. The right answer typically must explain or reconcile the two statements instead of outright rejecting one.

Example 2: Another Paradox Scenario

Scenario: A study claims that regular exercise leads to significant weight gain in participants.

• Statement A: Regular exercise is widely recommended for weight management.
• Statement B: Participants who exercised regularly gained weight.

Discrepancy Identification

In this case, it seems paradoxical that an activity known for weight loss leads to weight gain. The traditional narrative suggests that exercise is correlated with weight loss, so how can this study claim otherwise?

Resolving the Paradox

An appropriate resolution might be:

"The study measured muscle gain, which can contribute to an increase in overall body weight while reducing fat."

Here, the answer does not deny either statement; it clarifies that weight gain can happen due to muscle, which is denser than fat, thus reconciling the apparent paradox between exercising and gaining weight.

Strategies for Success

When faced with paradox questions, bear in mind the following strategies:

1. Carefully identify both statements. Make sure you clearly understand what each implies.
2. Look for the underlying assumptions. Identify what assumptions lead you to believe the statements are contradictory.
3. Rule out answers that deny either statement. You should only consider answers that integrate rather than refute.
4. Find explanations grounded in reality. The most plausible answers are often those that incorporate familiar concepts without introducing strange or unlikely scenarios.

Conclusion

Paradox and resolve-the-discrepancy questions test your ability to analyze conflicting statements critically. By recognizing discrepancies and interpreting them correctly, you strengthen your argumentation skills and prepare for complex reasoning on the LSAT. Always seek explanations that effectively reconcile the statements presented.

Study Notes

• Paradox questions present two conflicting statements that require resolution.
• Effective resolutions explain both statements without denying either.
• Misconceptions often arise from a misunderstanding of the nature of contradictions.
• Always look for underlying assumptions that create perceived discrepancies.
• Focus on plausibility and realism when evaluating potential answers.