Lesson 11.2: Reading and Comparing Two Passages Efficiently

Introduction

In this lesson, we will explore the critical skill of comparative reading, an essential component of the Law School Admission Test (LSAT). We will focus on how to efficiently read and compare two related passages. This will help you answer questions concerning their relationships—whether they agree, disagree, provide instances or counterpoints. By the end of this lesson, you should be able to read both passages within the allocated time, identify points of agreement and disagreement, recognize tonal differences, and create a quick comparison map.

Learning Objectives:

• Reading for points of agreement, disagreement, tone, and emphasis.
• Building a quick comparison map before answering.
• Mapping the areas where the two passages agree, disagree, and differ in emphasis.
• Reading both passages within the section's time budget.
• Explaining the main ideas and terminology behind comparative reading.

Understanding Comparative Reading

Comparative reading involves analyzing two shorter passages together. These passages might approach a similar subject from different perspectives. The ability to discern the relationship between these passages is crucial.

Key Concepts

1. Agreement: When both passages support the same idea.
2. Disagreement: When passages offer opposing viewpoints.
3. Generalization and Instance: One passage may generalize an idea while the other presents a specific example confirming or challenging that generalization.
4. Point-Counterpoint: One passage may bring forward an argument, and the other may provide a counter-argument.

Example of Agreement and Disagreement

Imagine two passages discussing climate change. Passage A states that climate change leads to rising sea levels. Passage B supports this with data about coastal cities flooding due to high tides. Here, both passages agree.

In contrast, if Passage A argues that renewable energy is sufficient to reverse climate change and Passage B claims that this transition is not feasible in the short term—then here we have a disagreement.

Parts of the Comparative Reading Process

1. Read Each Passage Thoroughly

Before making comparisons, it is crucial to understand each passage fully.

Example

Passage A: "The increase in global temperatures is unequivocally tied to human activity. A study conducted by scientists at XYZ University correlates the rise in carbon emissions with changes in climate patterns."

Passage B: "While there is a consensus on climate change among scientists, interpretations of its causes vary. Some experts argue that natural processes also play a significant role."

After reading both passages, you note that Passage A presents a definitive stance on human activity, while Passage B suggests a more nuanced view.

2. Develop a Comparison Map

This is where you summarize the main ideas from each passage, noting similarities and differences. This visual representation helps during the question-answering phase.

Example of a Comparison Map:

• Agreement: Both passages discuss climate change.
• Disagreement: Passage A attributes causes solely to humans, while Passage B includes natural processes.
• Tone: Passage A is more assertive, while Passage B is tentative.

3. Identify Key Details to Support Your Map

Make sure you mark specific sentences that support your points of agreement or disagreement. Look for keywords and phrases that signify connection or divergence.

Example

• Keywords suggesting Agreement: "correlates with", "supports the notion"
• Keywords suggesting Disagreement: "some argue that", "on the other hand"

4. Answering Comparative Reading Questions

Once you have a good foundation from your reading and map, answer the LSAT questions. These questions often ask you to interpret the passages or understand the relationship between them.

Common Types of Questions

• Detail Questions: Ask for specific information from the passages.
• Inference Questions: Require you to deduce new information based on the passages.
• Main Idea Questions: Ask for the central theme reflected in both passages.

Strategies for Efficient Reading

Time Management

When preparing for the LSAT, be conscious of time. You may have around 35 minutes to complete a section. Aim to spend roughly 7-8 minutes reading the passages and 4-5 minutes answering the questions.

Tips for Speed Reading

• Skim for Structure: Focus on the introductory and concluding sentences of each paragraph.
• Highlight: Use a pencil to underline critical terms or shifts in tone as you read.
• Summarize As You Go: In your mind, try to summarize each paragraph in one or two sentences.

Conclusion

By mastering the comparative reading strategy, you will become more proficient at answering LSAT questions regarding two related passages. Remember to focus on understanding each passage distinctly before synthesizing the information into a comparison map. With practice, you will sharpen your ability to recognize nuances in tone, agreement, and disagreement and your capability to read efficiently will significantly improve.

Study Notes

• Understand key concepts: agreement, disagreement, generalization, and point-counterpoint.
• Always create a comparison map to visualize relationships.
• Take note of keywords that signify relationships.
• Practice time management while reading and answering questions.
• Regular practice increases your familiarity with comparative reading types.
• Keep working on reading comprehension to aid in efficient reading skills.