Which of the following advanced surface functionalization techniques is most effective for achieving highly specific binding with a target analyte in a complex biological matrix, minimizing non-specific interactions?
Question 2
A nanosensor's signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is a critical parameter for sensitivity. If a sensor produces a signal voltage of $V_s$ and has a noise voltage of $V_n$, how is the SNR typically expressed in decibels (dB)?
Question 3
In the context of nanosensors, what is the primary challenge associated with 'fouling' and how is it typically mitigated during surface functionalization for biochemical detection?
Question 4
Consider a nanosensor designed for detecting a specific heavy metal ion in water. If the sensor's detection limit (LOD) is determined to be $5 \text{ pM}$ (picomolar), and the environmental regulatory limit for this ion is $1 \text{ nM}$ (nanomolar), what is the sensor's performance relative to the regulatory standard?
Question 5
Which of the following best describes the 'transduction efficiency' of a nanosensor?
