Lesson 3.3: Print, Photography and Lens-Based Art

Introduction

Welcome to Lesson 3.3 in the Foundation Art, Design, and Media course. In this lesson, we will explore the significant fields of printmaking and photography as vital practices in fine art. By the end of this lesson, you should understand various printmaking techniques, the importance of photography in art, the concepts of reproduction and layering, as well as ethical considerations in the creation and presentation of images.

Learning Objectives

Understand relief, monoprint, and simple stencil processes as methods of art creation.
Recognize photography as a fine-art medium used for documenting and producing artistic outcomes.
Learn about repetition, layering, and the qualities of the reproducible image in art.
Discuss the ethical aspects of using sources, image rights, and concepts of originality in art.
Create work utilizing either a print or lens-based process.

Section 1: Printmaking Techniques

Printmaking is a form of art that involves creating images by transferring ink from a matrix onto another surface, typically paper. This section will cover three primary printmaking methods: relief printing, monoprinting, and stencil techniques.

1.1 Relief Printing

Relief printing is one of the oldest printmaking techniques. This method involves carving a design into a flat surface, typically wood or linoleum, which then receives ink. The raised areas of the matrix accept ink, while the carved-out areas do not.

Process of Relief Printing

Choose Your Material: Common materials include woodblocks or linoleum.
Designing: Sketch your design on paper.
Carving: Use a carving tool to remove material from the surface where you do not want ink.
Inking: Use a brayer (ink roller) to spread ink evenly over the raised surface.
Printing: Press your paper onto the inked block manually or using a printing press.

Example: Creating a Woodblock Print

Design: Imagine you want to create an abstract forest scene. Sketch your idea on paper.
Transfer: Place the sketch under the wood or linoleum and trace it with a pencil.
Carve: Remove the areas of the block around your design - any area you do not want printed should be carved away.
Ink: Apply ink with a brayer evenly over the block.
Pressing: Carefully place a piece of paper on top and apply pressure, or use a printing press to transfer the ink.

This process can produce multiple copies of the same image, showcasing the beauty and uniqueness of each print.

1.2 Monoprinting

Monoprinting differs from relief printing as it typically results in a single, unique print. In this method, ink or paint is applied to a surface and then transferred to paper.

Process of Monoprinting

Preparation: Choose a smooth surface, such as glass or metal, to work on.
Painting or Inking: Apply ink, paint, or other mediums directly onto the surface. You can manipulate the design with brushes, fingers, or other tools.
Printing: Place your paper onto the inked surface and apply pressure to transfer the design.

Example: Creating a Monoprint

Surface: Use a piece of glass as your working surface.
Design: Using a paintbrush, create a landscape scene directly onto the glass.
Transfer: Place soft, dampened paper on top of your painted glass surface and rub the back to ensure transfer.
Reveal: Carefully lift the paper to reveal your unique print.

Monoprints are significant because they allow for spontaneity and experimentation.

1.3 Stencil Printing

Stencil printing is another accessible method that allows artists to create images based on the shapes cut from various materials.

Process of Stencil Printing

Create a Stencil: Cut shapes or designs into a material such as cardboard or plastic.
Apply Ink: Place the stencil on the paper and use a brush or sponge to apply ink through the openings.
Lift the Stencil: After applying the ink, carefully remove the stencil to reveal the design.

Example: Making a Stencil Print

Design: Imagine you want to create a circular flower design. Sketch the flower on a piece of cardboard.
Cut Out: Using a craft knife, cut out the flower shapes from the cardboard - these will be your stencil openings.
Printing: Place it onto your paper and use a sponge to dab ink over the openings.
Reveal: Lift the stencil to view your flower pattern.

This method is perfect for producing a series of images with consistent designs.

Section 2: Photography as Fine Art

Photography has evolved from a technical practice of capturing images to being recognized as a legitimate fine art medium. This section will discuss the role of photography in art making, including composition, technique, and interpretation.

2.1 The Basics of Fine Art Photography

Fine art photography emphasizes the expressive qualities of the photograph rather than its documentation of reality. Emphasis is placed on composition, light, shadow, and developing a personal style.

Techniques in Fine Art Photography

Composition: The arrangement of elements within the frame can dramatically affect the message of the photograph. Techniques such as the rule of thirds, leading lines, and framing are crucial.
Light: Understanding both natural and artificial light sources is essential for creating mood and depth in photographs.
Editing: Post-processing images through software such as Adobe Lightroom or Photoshop can enhance or entirely change the narrative conveyed by the photograph.

Example: Composing a Photograph

Subject: Choose an interesting subject; let’s say, an old tree in a park.
Framing: Position yourself to capture the tree with a background that enhances its beauty - perhaps including sunlight piercing through its branches.
Take the Shot: Ensure your horizon is level and take your photograph.
Edit: Use editing software to adjust brightness, contrast, or colors to enhance the emotional impact.

2.2 Layering and Repetition

Layering is a significant technique in photography that involves capturing multiple images or elements to create a cohesive outcome.

Importance of Layering

Layering can create depth and complexity in visual storytelling. This technique can be achieved through either multiple exposures or combining several photographs in post-processing.

Example: Layering in Photography

Take Multiple Shots: Photograph people walking through a busy street on different occasions, capturing motion and interaction.
Combine: In editing software, blend these images to create a dynamic narrative of life.

Section 3: Ethical Considerations in Art

As artists, it is crucial to address the ethical implications of using images, especially regarding originality and source material.

3.1 Understanding Image Rights

Artists must understand copyright and image rights to navigate the creative landscape ethically. Using an image without permission can lead to legal consequences. It is essential to respect the work of others and acknowledge sources.

3.2 Originality in Art

While inspiration from existing work is part of creativity, artists must strive to create original works that reflect their perspectives rather than replicating others’ expressions.

Example: Navigating Copyright

Research: If you want to use a photo found online, check its usage rights. Many images are under Creative Commons licenses that require attribution or prohibit commercial use.
Creating Your Own: Pursue original photographic subjects and styles rather than mimicking renowned artists without credit.

Conclusion

Throughout this lesson, we explored printmaking techniques, the role of photography in fine art, and the ethical considerations related to creating art. By applying discovery through these mediums, you can express your unique artistic voice. Remember, art is not just about the final piece but also the learning and experimentation that comes with the creative process.

Study Notes

Printmaking Techniques: Relief, monoprinting, and stencils are essential methods.
Photography as Fine Art: Focus on composition, light, and editing.
Layering: Crucial for storytelling in photography.
Ethics: Understand image rights and strive for originality in your work.
Practice: Aim to produce a unique piece using a print or lens-based process.